Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 69
Filter
1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(4): 339-348, 26/11/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362079

ABSTRACT

Introduction The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is an important artery in neurosurgery. As the largest branch of the maxillary artery, it provides nutrition to the meninges and to the frontal and parietal regions. Diseases, including dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), pseudoaneurysm, true aneurysm, traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF), Moya-Moya disease (MMD), recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), migraine, and meningioma,may be related to the MMA. The aim of the present study is to describe the anatomy of the MMA and to correlate it with brain diseases. Methods A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Scielo, Scientific Direct, Ebsco, LILACS, TripDataBase and Cochrane databases, with the following descriptors: neurosurgery, neuroanatomy, meninges and blood supply. Discussion The MMA is embedded in a cranial groove, and traumatic or iatrogenic factors can result in MMA-associated pseudoaneurysms or arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). In hemodynamic stress, true aneurysms can develop. Arteriovenous fistulas, pseudoaneurysms, and true aneurysms can be effectively treated by endovascular or surgical removal. In MMD, the MMA plays a role in the development and in the improvement of collateral circulation. Finally, in cases of CSDH, when standard surgery and drainage fail, MMA embolization can constitute a great alternative. Conclusion The MMA is a relevant structure for the understanding of neurosurgical diseases. In conclusion, every neurosurgeon must know the anatomy of the MMA sufficiently to correlate it with the diagnosed pathology, thus obtaining treatment effectiveness and preventing brain lesion.


Subject(s)
Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Meningeal Arteries/anatomy & histology , Meningeal Arteries/physiopathology , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Aneurysm, False/surgery , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods
2.
Rev. argent. cir. plást ; 26(2): 92-98, apr-jun 2020. fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1120120

ABSTRACT

Es recomendable que los pacientes con antecedentes de trauma craneal moderado o grave, con pérdida de fragmentos de calota, que deben reparar con posterior craneoplastia, la realicen luego de 3 a 6 meses, reduciendo el riesgo de infección y de hipertensión endocraneana. Los materiales a utilizar son diversos; y para evitar la reapertura es fundamental un cierre sin tensión, en dos planos y sin tejido desvitalizado. Las infecciones son raras; son más frecuentes cuando la craneopatía se realizó dentro del 1er año del trauma. Otra complicación es la úlcera crónica, de manejo muy complejo. Material y métodos. Paciente de 58 años, sufrió un traumatismo encefalocraneano con pérdida de conocimiento en el año 2011, por accidente de tránsito; craneoplastia realizada a 8 meses del trauma, posterior ulceración sobre líneas de incisión en dos oportunidades, reparado en ambas con colgajos locales, conservando la placa craneal. La paciente consultó presentando nueva ulceración parietal izquierda y adelgazamiento del cuero cabelludo y translucencia del material frontoparietal izquierdos; sin infección local; y múltiples cicatrices remanentes. Se retiró la placa craneal, y a dos años se realizó expansión con insuflados lentos controlados con la signosintomatología que presentaba la paciente. Al 3er mes se recolocó nueva placa de titanio y cobertura con colgajos del cuero cabelludo. Discusión. La expansión tisular del cuero cabelludo es un método simple, con baja frecuencia de complicaciones si la técnica es delicada y atendemos la signosintomatología del paciente. Conclusión. El trabajo conjunto multidisciplinario, es la piedra angular para obtener resultados óptimos en la reconstrucción de lesiones complejas.


Patients with a history of moderate or severe skull trauma, with loss of shell fragments, which must be repaired with subsequent cranioplasty, it is recommended to perform it after 3 to 6 months, reducing the risk of infection and endocranial hypertension. The materials to use are diverse; and to avoid reopening, a tension-free closure is essential, in two planes and without devitalized tissue. Infections are rare, being more frequent when the craniopathy took place within 1 year of the trauma. Another complication is the chronic ulcer, very complex to handle. Material and methods. Fifty eight year-old patient, suffered a traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness in 2011, due to a traffic accident; craneoplasty performed 8 months after trauma, subsequent ulceration on incision lines on two occasions, both repaired with local flaps, preserving the cranial plate. The patient consulted presenting a new left parietal ulceration, and thinning of the scalp and translucency of the left fronto-parietal material; no local infection; and multiple remaining scars. The cranial plate was removed, and two years later, expansion was performed with slow insufflants controlled with the patient's symptom sign. At the 3rd month, a new titanium plate was replaced and covered with flaps of the scalp. Discussion. Tissue expansion of the scalp is a simple method, with little frequency of complications if the technique is delicate, and we attend to the patient's sign-symptomatology. Conclusion. Multidisciplinary joint work is the cornerstone for obtaining optimal results in the reconstruction of complex injuries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Tissue Expansion , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Surgical Flaps , Titanium , Methylmethacrylate , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(2): 368-381, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1004274

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: el traumatismo encefalocraneano es una causa frecuente de mortalidad y morbilidad. Según datos epidemiológicos aporta la mayor cantidad de fallecidos en menores de 45 años a nivel mundial. Objetivo: caracterizar el trauma craneoencefálico desde el punto de vista clínico-quirúrgico, neuroimagenológico y por neuromonitorización en los pacientes investigados. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente José Ramón López Tabrane y Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2016 a enero del 2018. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino con el 71,7% de los casos, la mayor prevalencia estuvo en edades inferiores a 48 años con el 80,1 %. La mayor cantidad presentaba un traumatismo encefalocraneano leve con el 56% de los casos seguido del traumatismo encefalocraneano moderado y severo con el 29% y 15% de los casos respectivamente. Predominaron las fracturas lineales (45,8%), seguido de las contusiones sin efecto de masa y los hematomas subdurales con el 24,2% y 23,3%. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó una escala de Marshall II con el 40,8%. Las cifras de presión intracraneal entre de 20-40 mmHg se presentó con mayor frecuencia (44,4 %). Conclusiones: la mitad de los pacientes neuromonitorizados presentaron una saturación del golfo de la vena yugular dentro de parámetros normales con el 50%. La operación más practicada fue la evacuación de hematomas subdurales con el 29,4%.


ABSTRACT Introduction: the encephalocranial trauma (ECT) is a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity. According to epidemiological data, it causes the highest number of deaths in people aged less than 45 years worldwide. Objective: to characterize the encephalocranial trauma from the clinical-surgical, neuroimaging and neuromonitoring point of view in the studied patients. Materials and methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Neurosurgery Service of the Provincial Teaching Surgical Clinical Hospitals "Jose Ramon Lopez Tabrane" and "Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez", of Matanzas, during the period from January 2016 to January 2018. Results: male sex predominated with 71.7% of the cases; the highest prevalence was in ages below 48 years with 80.1%. Most of them presented a mild encephalocranial trauma with 56% of the cases followed by moderate and severe encephalocranial trauma with 29% and 15% of the cases respectively. Linear fractures predominated (45.8%), followed by contusions without mass effect and subdural hematomas with 24.2% and 23.3%. Most of patients presented a Marshall II scale with 40.8%. The intracranial pressure between 20-40 mmHg occurred more frequently (44.4%). Conclusions: half of the neuromonitored patients presented jugular vein gulf saturation within normal parameters with 50%. The most practiced operation was the evacuation of subdural hematomas with 29.4%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurosurgical Procedures , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/classification , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnostic imaging , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis
4.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(2): 148-151, abr.jun.2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-910714

ABSTRACT

A toracotomia mediana é uma via de acesso que atravessa longitudinalmente o esterno e pode ser subdividida em vertical total, parcial superior e parcial inferior. Na prática cirúrgica, o uso da esternotomia mediana parcial é uma alternativa que proporciona menor agressão cirúrgica. O tronco braquiocefálico é um dos grandes vasos torácicos mais acometidos em traumas e sua abordagem classicamente é feita por esternotomia mediana. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o uso da esternotomia parcial superior em "T" invertido como possibilidade de via de acesso em situação de lesão traumática iatrogênica do tronco braquiocefálico.


The median thoracotomy is an access incision made longitudinally through the sternum and variants can be subdivided into total vertical and partial upper or partial lower vertical incisions. In surgical practice, using a partial median sternotomy is an alternative option that causes less surgical aggression. The brachiocephalic artery is one of the thoracic vessels most often affected in traumas and it can be accessed via a median sternotomy. This report describes use of an upper partial sternotomy to provide access in a case of traumatic iatrogenic injury of the brachiocephalic trunk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Brachiocephalic Trunk/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Sternotomy/rehabilitation , Tracheostomy/rehabilitation , Vascular System Injuries/complications
5.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 32(1): 46-55, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-832676

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A craniectomia descompressiva é uma cirurgia indicada no tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana em situações graves de traumas cranioencefálicos. Esta cirurgia confere uma aparência bizarra ao paciente, como se "parte da cabeça" houvesse sido retirada. Após a regressão do edema cerebral e quando o paciente reunir boas condições clínicas, a reconstrução craniana está indicada. A reconstrução da calota craniana poderá ser realizada com osso autólogo ou com materiais aloplásticos. Este estudo objetiva apresentar a experiência do autor com reconstruções de calota craniana utilizando próteses customizadas de PMMA. Métodos: Foram selecionados 14 pacientes submetidos à craniectomia descompressiva que, após serem liberados clinicamente pela Neurocirurgia, realizaram a reconstrução da calota craniana com próteses de PMMA customizadas por prototipagem entre os anos de 2014 e 2015 e com, no mínimo, 6 meses de pós-operatório. Sinais e sintomas de síndrome do Trefinado, tomografia computadorizada e aparência estética dos pacientes foram analisadas no pré e no 6º mês pós-operatório. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora sintomatológica, melhora estética e expansão cerebral após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A reconstrução da calota craniana com prótese customizada de PMMA promoveu a melhora dos sinais e sintomas e da aparência estética de todos os 14 pacientes operados. A utilização de protótipos para customizar próteses cranianas facilitou a técnica operatória e possibilitou a recuperação de um contorno craniano muito próximo da normalidade.


Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy is indicated for the treatment of intracranial hypertension in cases of serious traumatic brain injury. This surgery results in a bizarre appearance, as if "part of the head" had been. After regression of cerebral edema and when the patient is in good clinical condition, the reconstruction of the skull is indicated. Reconstruction of the skull can be performed with autologous bone or with alloplastic materials. This study sought to present the experience of the author with skull reconstructions using custom PMMA prostheses. Methods: In between 2014 and 2015, fourteen patients with previous (longer than 6 months) decompressive craniectomies were selected after Neurosurgery medical clearance and underwent skull reconstruction with customized PMMA prototyped prostheses. Signs and symptoms of syndrome of the trephined, computed tomography, and aesthetic appearance of the patients were analyzed preoperatively and at 6 months after reconstruction. Results: All patients presented with improved symptomatology, aesthetic improvement and expansion of the brain after surgery. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the skull with customized prototyped PMMA prostheses improved the signs and symptoms and the aesthetic appearance in all 14 patients of this series. The use of prototypes to customize cranial prostheses facilitates the operative technique and enables patients to develop a nearly normal cranial contour.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Adult , History, 21st Century , Parietal Bone , Prostheses and Implants , Skull , Prospective Studies , Intracranial Hypertension , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Esthetics , Decompressive Craniectomy , Craniocerebral Trauma , Parietal Bone/surgery , Parietal Bone/transplantation , Skull/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension/pathology , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Polymethyl Methacrylate/therapeutic use , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Esthetics/psychology , Decompressive Craniectomy/methods , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/pathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy
6.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(2): 149-161, nov. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869740

ABSTRACT

El trauma craneoencefálico severo representa por lo menos la mitad de las muertes relacionadas con trauma, la patofisiología celular y clínica esta extensamente estudiada y documentada, las opciones de monitorización y tratamiento constituyen los paradigmas actualmente para la el progreso en la sobrevida disminuyendo la probabilidad de secuelas, junto con los principios de manejo general que incluyen entre otros el control de la temperatura, tensión arterial, sedación, ventilación, nutrición hacen posible la calidad en la atención de nuestros pacientes.


Severe brain trauma accounts for at least half of the deaths related to trauma, cellular pathophysiology and clinic it is extensively studied and documented , the monitoring and treatment options are currently paradigms for progress in decreasing the likelihood of survival sequels along with general management principles which include among others the temperature control, blood pressure, sedation, ventilation, nutrition enables quality care for our patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Intensive Care Units , Prehospital Care
7.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(1): 21-27, jul. 2015. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836040

ABSTRACT

El trauma craneoencefálico es una de las principales causas de muerte en el mundo, y gran parte de estos se asocian a heridas por arma de fuego en cráneo. Conocer el manejo, las características y fisiopatología de la lesión nos permitirá saber abordar estos casos cuando se presenten a los diferentes centros asistenciales, al tiempo que nos permitirá tener en cuenta las posibles complicaciones, para evitar su aparición y así buscar mejorar la morbilidad por esta causa. Siempre acompañado de un manejo integral que permita abarcar todas las dimensiones afectadas.


Traumatic brain injury is a of the leading causes of death in the world, and many of these are associated with gunshot wounds in the skull. To know management the characteristics and pathophysiology of the lesion will tell as deal with these cases when presented to medical centers, while enabling us to take into account of possible complications, to prevent its occurrence and so try to improve morbidity from this cause. Always accompanied by an integrated management that can encompass all affected dimensions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/cerebrospinal fluid , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Head Injuries, Penetrating/classification , Wounds, Gunshot , Craniotomy , Diagnostic Imaging , Fistula , Intracranial Pressure
8.
Actas odontol ; 11(2): 43-51, dic.2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: lil-789793

ABSTRACT

La deformación craneal secuelar es una alteración secundaria a una craniectomía descompresiva para el manejo de la hipertensión intracraneal no controlada por otras medidas terapéuticas, es de decir de evolución maligna. Este procedimiento, es efectivo en reducir la presión intracraneal en la injuria encefálica traumática severa, accidente vascular encefálico, hemorragia subaracnoidea, infecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central, etc. Posteriormente, se reconstruye la bóveda craneal mediante la craneoplastía para la protección del tejido neural, evitar la hipotensión endocraneana y mejorar la función cerebral el aspecto estético del paciente. El hueso autólogo de la craniectomía es el material ideal para la cranioplastía subsecuente. Sin embargo, debido a la destrucción provocada por el traumatismo, por reabsorción ósea o por infección, entre otras causas, puede ser imposible utilizarlo. En dichas situaciones se debe recurrir a la reconstrucción con otros materiales para obtener un buen resultado cosmético y protección cerebral. Se presenta la craneoplastía secundaria con implantes individualizados en poli metilmetacrilato (PMMA) confeccionados a partir de modelos esteriolitográficos o prototipos en una serie de pacientes. Se realizó el análisis de los resultados obtenidos...


Secondary cranial defects or deformities are changes likely to decompressive craniectomy for the management of intractable intracra-nial hypertension by others therapeutics means. This procedure is effective in reducing intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and infection. Subsequently, is necessary a cranioplasty to reconstruct the cranial vault for the protection of neural tissue, improving brain function and the aesthetic aspect of the patient. The autologous bone from the craniectomy is the ideal material for subsequent cranioplasty. However, due to the destruction caused by trauma, infection or bone resorption among other reasons, it may be impossible to use it. In such situations, the reconstruction should be done with other materials in order to obtain a good cosmetic result and cerebral protection. Secondary cranioplasty with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) individualized implant made from stereolithographic models in a series of patients is presented. Analyses of the results have been done...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Skull/surgery , Skull/injuries , Prostheses and Implants , Vascular System Injuries , Models, Anatomic , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery
9.
Full dent. sci ; 5(20): 555-564, jul.-set. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-737443

ABSTRACT

Os traumatismos por projétil de arma de fogo são frequentes na prática bucomaxilofacial. As lesões causadas por esses projéteis e fragmentos constituem um desafio ao cirurgião, resultando em consequências estéticas e funcionais devastadoras. A atenção e a conduta terapêutica precisa visam à diminuição de complicações e sequelas. Vários fatores influenciam neste tipo de ferimento, tornando complexo o tratamento inicial e o definitivo pela imprevisibilidade desses. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os aspectos técnicos do tratamento, através de uma revisão de literatura, bem como relatar um caso de trauma de face causado por projétil de arma de fogo, propondo a necessidade de um protocolo de atendimento baseado num maior conhecimento balístico e fisiopatológico objetivando diminuir a morbimortalidade.


Injuries caused by firearms projectiles are common in maxillofacial practice. These injuries constitute a challenge to the surgeon because they may have aesthetic and functional devastating consequences. Attention and precise therapy aim at reducing complications and sequelae. Several factors influence this type of injury, making complex initial care and definitive treatment more complex due to their unpredictability. The aim of this work was to present the technical aspects involved in the treatment, through a literature review and report the case of a patient with facial trauma caused by a firearm projectile; and suggests that a service protocol based on greater knowledge about ballistic pathophysiology is required in order to decrease the morbidity and mortality of this type of trauma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Forensic Ballistics , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Facial Injuries , Mandibular Injuries , Radiography/instrumentation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery
10.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 33(3): 192-196, set. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-756171

ABSTRACT

Cranial stabbing injuries penetrating the brain are not commonly encountered. The cases in which the knife is retained constitute a challenge to the neurosurgeon. When a long-term permanence occurs, the reaction to the presence of the foreign body causes adherence to the nervous tissue and a higher risk is expected from the removal. The procedure should be performed with meticulous dissection and minimal oscillation of the blade thus avoiding damage to the adjacent structures. We report a case of a man who remained three years with a knife blade deeply lodged in the brain. After obtaining informed consent, the blade was removed; there were no postoperative complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which, after years of permanence, a knife blade was removed from the brain through a craniotomy.


Lesões cranianas por arma branca com penetração do encéfalo não são comuns. Os casos em que a faca encontra-se retida constituem um desafio para o neurocirurgião. Quando ocorre uma longa permanência, a reação à presença do corpo estranho causa aderência ao tecido nervoso e um maior risco é previsto para a remoção. O procedimento deve ser realizado com dissecção meticulosa e mínima oscilação da lâmina, evitando, assim, lesão das estruturas adjacentes. Apresentamos o caso de um indivíduo que permaneceu três anos com a lâmina de uma faca alojada profundamente no encéfalo. Após obtermos consentimento informado, a lâmina foi removida; não houve complicações pós-operatórias. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro caso em que, após anos de permanência, a lâmina de uma faca foi removida do encéfalo por meio de uma craniotomia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Skull/injuries , Wounds, Stab/complications , Brain/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniotomy/methods
11.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 40(1): 67-74, jul. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831387

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión intracraneal es la principal causa de mortalidad en los pacientes con lesiones craneales. En la actualidad la lesión traumática cerebral es un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. La craniectomía descompresiva surge como una estrategia de tratamiento para los pacientes con hipertensión intracraneal refractaria a manejo médico. Este procedimiento requiere una técnica quirúrgica cuidadosa y exquisita, presentamos una revisión actualizada del procedimiento dirigida a los residentes en formación y a los neurocirujanos latinoamericanos.


Intracranial hypertension is the leading cause of mortality in patients with head injuries. Currently, traumatic brain injury is a public health problem worldwide. Decompressive craniectomy emerges as a treatment strategy for patients with intracranial hypertension refractory to medical management. This procedure requires careful surgical technique and exquisite, we present a review of the procedure intended for residents in training and Colombian neurosurgeon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Decompressive Craniectomy/history , Decompressive Craniectomy/methods , Dura Mater/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/classification , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology
12.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 33(1)mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-721652

ABSTRACT

A eficácia da equipe da emergência reduziu a taxa de morbimortalidade de pacientes com traumatismocranioencefálico, todavia estabelecer intervenções padronizadas exige conhecimento e preparoespecí!co. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre escalas para avaliaçãodo nível de consciência em pacientes com trauma cranioencefálico, chamando a atenção para a suaimportância na prática de enfermagem em neurocirurgia. Foi realizada busca de artigos cientí!cos nasbases dados Elservier, Lilacs, PubMed Medline, SciELO, ScienceDirect e Scirus, com as palavras-chave“escalas de coma” e “traumatismos craniocerebrais”, além de ser feita pesquisa adicional em bancos dedados de dissertações, teses e livros texto. A literatura consultada revela que, apesar de vários estudosdestacarem a importância do tema, a avaliação neurológica com a utilização de outras escalas não éprática rotineira nas unidades de trauma...


The effectiveness of the emergency team reduced the mortality rate of patients with traumatic braininjury; however, provide tailored interventions require speci!c knowledge and skills. This article presentsa literature review about scales of level of consciousness in patients with brain injury, calling attentionto its importance in neurosurgery nursing practice. We conducted a search of scienti!c articles throughthe databases Elservier, Lilacs, PubMed Medline, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scirus using the keywords“coma scales”, “craniocerebral trauma”, and additional research on databases of theses, dissertationsand textbooks. The literature shows that, although several studies detach the importance of the topic,neurological evaluation, using others scales are not a routine practice in trauma units...


Subject(s)
Humans , Glasgow Coma Scale , Neurosurgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/nursing
13.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 32(3): 149-155, set. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-719975

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma série de casos de hematoma extradural da fossa posterior (HEDFP) com expansão supratentorial. MÉTODOS: O presente trabalho é retrospectivo e descritivo. Foram analisados 14 pacientes com HEDFP de apresentação mista. RESULTADOS: Dos 14 pacientes, 12 são do gênero masculino e dois, do feminino. A média das idades foi de 26,2 anos. Acidente de trânsito foi a principal causa, seguida de queda acidental e agressão física. Escore na escala de coma de Glasgow variou entre 8 e 14. Cefaleia e vômitos foram os principais achados clínicos. Exame de RX simples de crânio demonstrou traço de fratura em 80% (8/10) dos casos. Tomografia de crânio demonstrou traço de fratura e hematoma extradural mista em todos os pacientes e ressonância magnética em um caso. Cirurgia foi realizada em 12 e tratamento conservador em dois. Dois pacientes foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Na presença de fratura no osso occipital, deve-se suspeitar de HEDFP de forma mista. Exames de imagens são importantes no diagnóstico e conduta.


OBJECTIVE: The authors present a case series of HEDFP with supratentorial expansion. METHODS: This study is retrospective and descriptive. We analyzed 14 patients with HEDFP presentation mixed. RESULTS: Of 14 patients, 12 males and two females. Mean age was 26.2 years. Traffic accidents were the leading cause, followed by accidental fall and assault. Score on the Glasgow coma scale ranged between 8 and 14. Headache and vomiting were the main clinical findings. Examination showed RX plain skull fracture line in 80% (8/10) of cases. Cranial CT scan showed the fracture line and epidural hematoma mixed in all patients and magnetic resonance one case. Surgery was performed in 12 and conservative in two. Two patients died. CONCLUSION: In the presence of occipital bone fracture should be suspected HEDFP mixed basis. Imaging techniques are important for diagnosis and management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cranial Fossa, Posterior , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial , Hematoma, Subdural
14.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 32(1)mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677814

ABSTRACT

Os pseudoaneurismas traumáticos da artéria meníngea média (AMM) representam lesões raras, correspondendo a menos de 1% dos aneurismas intracranianos. Em geral, estão associados à fratura craniana temporal que cruza o trajeto da AMM. O hematoma extradural (HED) é a apresentação mais comum desse tipo de lesão, podendo apresentar elevada morbimortalidade na maioria dos casos. O diagnóstico dos pseudoaneurismas da AMM pode ser realizado por angiorressonância, angiotomografia e, principalmente, por arteriografia cerebral. Após a confirmação de sua existência, o tratamento é mandatório e deve ser realizado precocemente, por causa do risco potencial de ruptura. Esse tratamento pode ser realizado por craniotomia e coagulação da artéria meníngea média, ou por via endovascular com oclusão do aneurisma. Apresentamos neste relato o caso de paciente vítima de traumatismo craniano atendido em nosso serviço. Os exames de imagem iniciais mostravam fratura temporal, associada à contusão hemorrágica adjacente. O paciente foi submetido à angiografia cerebral, sendo diagnosticado um pseudoaneurisma na artéria meníngea média. Ele foi submetido a procedimento endovascular para embolização do aneurisma, tendo evoluído satisfatoriamente...


The traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) are rare lesions, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial aneurysms. They are associated mainly to temporal skull fracture that crosses the path of MMA. The epidural hematoma is the most common presentation of this type of injury, and may have high morbidity and mortality in most cases. The diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the MMA can be performed by MRI-angiography, CT-angiography, and mainly by digital cerebral arteriography. After confirming its existence, treatment is mandatory and should be performed early, due to the potential risk of rupture. This treatment can be performed by craniotomy and coagulation of the middle meningeal artery, or by endovascular intervention, with occlusion of the aneurysm. We present here the case of a patient with a head trauma, who was admitted to our service. The initial CT imaging demonstrated a temporal fracture, associated with hemorrhagic contusion adjacent. The patient underwent cerebral angiography, being diagnosed with a middle meningeal artery aneurysm. He was submitted to an endovascular embolization of the aneurysm, having evolved satisfactorily...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aneurysm, False , Embolization, Therapeutic , Meningeal Arteries , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery
15.
Lima; s.n; 2013. 63 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-724622

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Determinar el tiempo de duración del transporte del paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico desde el lugar del accidente hasta la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, Periodo 2006-2010. Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad en el paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico ingresados a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, Periodo 2006 - 2010. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio analítico descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional. EI universo estuvo definido por todos los pacientes que ingresaron hospitalizados al Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos desde Enero del 2006 a Diciembre del 2010. La población de estudio está formado por aquellos paciente que tuvieron el diagnóstico de traumatismo encéfalo craneano que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En la información recogida. Se empleó estadística descriptiva con determinación de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para variables categ6ricas; para variables numéricas se calculó la media y el rango. Las pruebas de STUDENT y JI CUADRADO se aplicaron a las variables continuas como la edad y el tiempo de traslado. La Aproximación a la Binomial para las variables nominales así como para cada factor de riesgo se consideró el OR simples e IC. Se consideró significativo un p<0,05. Las tablas se realizaron con el programa Excel de Microsoft. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 188 historias clínicas con el diagnóstico de trauma craneoencefálico que correspondieron al 13,2 por ciento de los ingresos a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, encontrándose que la mortalidad fue del 6,4 por ciento de los pacientes. El 62,8 por ciento correspondieron al sexo masculino y la media de edad fue de 5,32 años. El 68,6 por ciento procedieron de Lima Ciudad. La causa más frecuente de trauma craneoencefálico fueron las caídas 71,3 por ciento, accidentes de tránsito 23,4...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Critical Care , Transportation of Patients , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Observational Study , Retrospective Studies
16.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(2): 121-124, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716546

ABSTRACT

Se revisaron 24 pacientes sometidos a craniectomía descompresiva en el HUAP entre los años 2009 y 2011, constituyendo el 8 por ciento de las cirugías realizadas en ese período. La distribución por edad fue mayoritariamente en el sexo masculino con un 75 por ciento de los pacientes. No se encontró clara relación en el outcome en relación a la edad y al Glasgow de ingreso. El mecanismo causal más frecuente fueron los atropellos con un 60,87 por ciento de los casos, seguido por las caídas con un 26,09 por ciento y las agresiones con un 13,04 por ciento. Se consignó la presencia de alcohol en al menos 29,16 por ciento de los enfermos. La mortalidad registrada fue de un 45,83 por ciento versus una sobrevida de un 54,17 por ciento. De los pacientes vivos, un 33,77 por ciento egresó autovalente, un 46,15 por ciento quedó dependiente y un 23,08 por ciento quedó en estado vegetativo. En las causas de mortalidad se encontró una alta tasa secundaria a infecciones respiratorias con un 45,45 por ciento del total de los decesos. La tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias fue del orden de un 45,83 por ciento, requiriendo de resolución quirúrgica el 63,3 por ciento de ellas. Hubo un mejor outcome en los pacientes en que la craniectomía se realizó dentro de las 1ras 24 horas versus las efectuadas en forma diferida. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las colecciones yuxtadurales, seguidas de las complicaciones infecciosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniotomy/methods , Craniotomy/mortality , Decompressive Craniectomy/methods , Decompressive Craniectomy/mortality , Intracranial Hypertension , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/surgery , Chile , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 50(2)abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-616290

ABSTRACT

El traumatismo craneoencefálico es común en los servicios de urgencia de instituciones que atienden a pacientes politraumatizados y se ha convertido en un problema de salud para muchos países. El traumatismo penetrante del cráneo ocupa un lugar especial por su baja frecuencia. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de un paciente varón, de 52 años de edad, que sufrió una herida penetrante del cráneo producida por un arma blanca que quedó retenida en la región frontotemporal izquierda. Tras un estudio imaginológico se procedió al tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia, y el paciente evoluciona satisfactoriamente después de 25 días de hospitalización. En la actualidad se encuentra en tratamiento de rehabilitación por una hemiparesia derecha residual(AU)


The cranioencephalic trauma is common in the emergence centers to care for patients with multiple traumata and it becames in a health problem in many countries. Skull penetrating trauma is located in a special place due to its low frequency. In present paper a case of male patient aged 52 severely skull-injured with penetrating wound caused by a cold steel that remained introduced into the left frontotemporal region. After an imaging study the emergence surgical treatment was applied and patient evolves adequately after 25 days of hospitalization. Nowadays, she is under rehabilitation treatment due to a residual right hemiparesis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Head Injuries, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Skull/injuries , Wounds, Penetrating/diagnostic imaging
19.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 35: 19-25, dic. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-598992

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un análisis de un grupo de pacientes sobrevivientes a Traumatismo Encéfalo Craneano por arma de fuego, en un período de 11 años, atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río de Santiago de Chile. Se describen factores epidemiológicos y se analizan eventuales procedimientos clínicos que podrían explicar una mayor sobrevida observada en los últimos 4 años. Se discute además aportes de la literatura a fin de agregar elementos necesarios a considerar en la toma de decisión en el enfrentamiento a este tipo de patología que afortunadamente en tiempos de paz es bastante infrecuente.


We present a report of a group of patients that have survived to a Gunshot Traumatic Brain Injury, since 1998 till 2008 inclusive, that have been received at the Emergency Room of the Sotero del Rio Hospital. We describe epidemiologic factors and clinical procedures that may explain a better survival on the last four years. A brief review of the literature is done trying to find new elements on the decision making process. Fortunately this kind of injuries are less frecuent on peace time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/mortality , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Wounds, Gunshot , Wounds, Penetrating , Chile
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL